Drugs Index
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Drugs Information:
Drugs List
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Amylin analogs are used in the treatment of diabetes. They are stable synthetic compounds, which are administered subcutaneously before meals, and work similarly to the physiological amylin.
Amylin is a 37 amino acid polypeptide hormone that is secreted with insulin from the beta cells in the pancreas. In diabetes, as less insulin is secreted there is also a deficiency of amylin. Amylin assists insulin in postprandial glucose control. It inhibits glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying and signals satiety, suppressing the intake of food.
See also
Medical conditions associated with amylin analogs:
- Diabetes, Type 1
- Diabetes, Type 2
Antidepressants are drugs that treat depression and improve the symptoms. The main types of antidepressants are tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and other atypical antidepressants. All types of antidepressant drugs may take more than two weeks to show any benefits, although their pharmacological effects are produced immediately.
See also
- miscellaneous antidepressants
- monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- phenylpiperazine antidepressants
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
- tetracyclic antidepressants
- tricyclic antidepressants
Antiparkinson agents aim to replace dopamine either by drugs that release dopamine or those that mimic the action of dopamine. Parkinson
See also
- anticholinergic antiparkinson agents
- dopaminergic antiparkinsonism agents
- miscellaneous antiparkinson agents
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Azole antifungals are a group of fungistatic agents with broad-spectrum activity. They are classified into two groups: the triazoles and the imidazoles.
The azole antifungals inhibit the cytochrome P450 dependent enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase, which coverts lanosterol to ergosterol, the main sterol in fungal cell membrane. Depletion of ergosterol damages the cell membrane resulting in cell death.
Azole antifungal agents can be used to treat systemic and topical (athletes foot, ringworm, etc.) fungal infections .
See also
Medical conditions associated with azole antifungals:
- Aspergillosis, Aspergilloma
- Aspergillosis, Invasive
- Blastomycosis
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Candida Infections, Systemic
- Candida Urinary Tract Infection
- Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Coccidioidomycosis, Meningitis
- Cryptococcal Meningitis, Immunocompetent Host
- Cryptococcal Meningitis, Immunosuppressed Host
- Cryptococcosis
- Cutaneous Fungal Infection
- Dermatophytosis
- Esophageal Candidiasis
- Eumycetoma
- Febrile Neutropenia
- Fungal Infection Prophylaxis
- Fungal Infection, Internal and Disseminated
- Fungal Meningitis
- Fungal Peritonitis
- Fungal Pneumonia
- Fusariosis
- Histoplasmosis
- Ocular Fungal Infection
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Antihyperlipidemic agents promote reduction of lipid levels in the blood. Some antihyperlipidemic agents aim to lower the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, some reduce triglyceride levels, and some help raise the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. By reducing the LDL cholesterol, they can prevent both the primary and secondary symptoms of coronary heart disease.
Niacin and ezetimibe are available in combination with statins, as single dose forms. Antihyperlipidemic agents are also available in combinations with antihypertensive agents. By having one pill with a couple of agents makes it easier to take and increases compliance.
See also
Medical conditions associated with antihyperlipidemic combinations:
- Angina
- Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
- Diabetes, Type 2
- High Blood Pressure
- High Cholesterol
- High Cholesterol, Familial Heterozygous
- High Cholesterol, Familial Homozygous
- Hyperlipoproteinemia
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IIa, Elevated LDL
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IIb, Elevated LDL VLDL
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV, Elevated VLDL
- Ischemic Stroke, Prophylaxis
- Myocardial Infarction, Prophylaxis
- Revascularization Procedures, Prophylaxis
Vomiting is controlled by the vomiting center in the medulla. Vomiting center is activated by either one of four trigger zones: chemoreceptor trigger zone, vestibular nuclei, cerebral cortex and gastrointestinal tract. Vomiting center is controlled by serotonin (5-HT3), muscarinic and histamine (H1) receptors.
Chemoreceptor trigger zone is sensitive to chemical stimuli, such as opioids and cytotoxic drugs. It is under the control of dopamine, serotonin (5-HT3) and opioid receptors.
Vestibular nuclei is controlled by muscarinic and histamine (H1) receptors. This is activated in vertigo or motion sickness.
Cerebral cortex activates vomiting from smell, thought and so on. Gastrointestinal tract has serotonin (5-HT3) receptors, which are affected by chemotherapeutic drugs.
Different classes of drugs work on different receptors and act as antiemetics and antivertigo agents.
See also
- 5HT3 receptor antagonists
- anticholinergic antiemetics
- miscellaneous antiemetics
- phenothiazine antiemetics
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Adrenal corticosteroid inhibitors are drugs that inhibit key steps in the biosynthesis of hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, such as mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, estrogen and androgen.
Adrenal corticosteroid inhibitors block one or more enzymes in the steroid synthesis pathway. They are used to treat Cushing
See also
Medical conditions associated with adrenal corticosteroid inhibitors:
- Breast Cancer
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Prostate Cancer
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Anticholinergic/antispasmodic agents inhibit the action of acetylcholine. They stop the transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses therefore lessen the spasms of smooth muscle, such as in the gastrointestinal tract and in the bladder. They are used to treat spasms or conditions with disturbances in the bladder or gastrointestinal motility.
See also
Medical conditions associated with anticholinergics/antispasmodics:
- Anesthesia
- Anticholinesterase Poisoning
- AV Heart Block
- Bradyarrhythmia
- Colitis
- Crohn's Disease
- Duodenal Ulcer
- Endoscopy or Radiology Premedication
- Enterocolitis
- Enuresis
- Excessive Salivation
- Gas
- GERD
- Hot Flashes
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- Menopausal Disorders
- Motion Sickness
- Nausea/Vomiting
- Organophosphate Poisoning
- Overactive Bladder
- Parkinson's Disease
- Parkinsonian Tremor
- Peptic Ulcer
- Perimenopausal Symptoms
- Postmenopausal Symptoms
- Urinary Incontinence
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
See also
Medical conditions associated with anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies:
- Melanoma
- Melanoma, Metastatic
Antifungal agents are also called antimycotic agents. They kill or inactivate fungi and are used to treat fungal infections (including yeast infections).
Polyene antifungals are not absorbed when given orally, so are used to treat fungal infections of the gastrointestinal tract, such as oral thrush. It can be given intravenously for treatment of systemic fungal infections.
Azole antifungals are synthetic, fungistatic agents with broad-spectrum activity.
See also
- azole antifungals
- echinocandins
- miscellaneous antifungals
- polyenes
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Alpha-Glucosidase is one of the enzymes responsible for breaking down carbohydrates to smaller sugar particles like glucose, in order for the carbohydrates to be absorbed.
Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors work by competitive and reversible inhibition of these intestinal enzymes. They slow the digestion of carbohydrates and delay glucose absorption. This results in a smaller and slower rise in blood glucose levels following meals, and effectively throughout the day.
See also
Medical conditions associated with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors:
- Diabetes, Type 2
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Antithyroid agents prevent or suppress the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. Antithyroid agents are used to treat hyperthyroidism by inhibiting the excessive production of thyroid hormones or by decreasing thyroid hormone activity.
See also
Medical conditions associated with antithyroid agents:
- Alcoholic Liver Damage
- Cough
- Cutaneous Sporotrichosis
- Diagnosis and Investigation
- Hyperthyroidism
- Radiation Emergency
- Thyroid Cancer
- Thyroid Storm
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Natural interferons are produced by lymphocytes as part of an immunological response to viral antigens. Synthetic interferons, made by recombinant DNA technology, are used as antiviral agents to treat infections such as hepatitis and herpes zoster virus.
Interferons induce the production of enzymes in the ribosomes of the host cells and inhibit the translation of viral mRNA into viral proteins, therefore stop viral reproduction.
See also
Medical conditions associated with antiviral interferons:
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Melanoma
- Melanoma, Metastatic
- Renal Cell Carcinoma
- Thrombocythemia
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Anthelmintics are agents used to eradicate intestinal worms (helminthes) from the body. Tapeworms, roundworms and flukes are classified as helminthes. Anthelmintics are effective in eradicating worms but proper hygiene is necessary to prevent re-infection. Washing hands properly before meals and after visiting the toilet is essential.
All members of the family or household need to be treated.
See also
Medical conditions associated with anthelmintics:
- Angiostrongylosis
- Ascariasis
- Capillariasis
- Cutaneous Larva Migrans
- Cysticercus cellulosae
- Dog Tapeworm
- Dracunculiasis
- Echinococcus
- Enterobiasis
- Fasciolopsis buski, Intestinal Fluke
- Filariasis, Elephantiasis
- Fish Tapeworm Infection
- Giardiasis
- Gnathostomiasis
- Head Lice
- Heterophyes heterophyes, Intestinal Fluke
- Hookworm Infection, Necator or Ancylostoma
- Hydatid Disease
- Hymenolepis nana, Dwarf Tapeworm
- Liver Fluke
- Metagonimus yokogawai, Intestinal Fluke
- Microsporidiosis
- Moniliformis Infection
- Naophyetus salmincola
- Neurocysticercosis
- Onchocerciasis, River Blindness
- Opisthorchis viverrini, Liver Fluke
- Paragonimus westermani, Lung Fluke
- Pinworm Infection, Enterobius vermicularis
Antidiabetic agents aim to achieve normoglycemia and relieve diabetes symptoms, such as thirst, polyuria, weight loss, ketoacidosis. The long term goals are to prevent the development of or slow the progression of long term complications of the disease. Choice of antidiabetic agent depends on the type of diabetes.
Type I diabetes is where the body does not produce any insulin, so insulin is the only treatment choice. Injected insulin acts similar to endogenous insulin to lower blood glucose levels.
Type 2 Diabetes is first treated with oral antidiabetic medicines. These medicines, either makes the pancreas produce more insulin, helps decrease insulin requirements by the body or reduces gluconeogenesis by the liver. If normoglycemia is not achieved with oral medicines then insulin can be added to the therapy.
See also
- alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
- antidiabetic combinations
- dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors
- insulin
- meglitinides
- miscellaneous antidiabetic agents
- non-sulfonylureas
- sulfonylureas
- thiazolidinediones
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Antihyperuricemic agents are also called antigout agents. These agents work to either correct overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid.
For the long term control of gout, hyperuricemia caused by formation of uric acid from purines, can be effectively controlled with these agents. The choice of xanthine oxidase inhibitors or uricosuric medicines is based on the level of urinary uric acid excretion, renal function, age of the patient, history of renal calculi and presence of tophi.
See also
Medical conditions associated with antihyperuricemic agents:
- Calcium Oxalate Calculi with Hyperuricosuria
- Cardiothoracic Surgery
- Gout
- Heart Failure
- High Risk Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
- Hyperuricemia Secondary to Chemotherapy
- Leishmaniasis
- Mania
- Reactive Perforating Collangenosis
- Urinary Tract Stones
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Centrally acting antiadrenergic agents inhibit the stimulation of the central nervous system alpha-adrenergic receptors and decrease sympathetic stimulation to the blood vessels and the heart. They block the release and action of catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine), which are released in response to stress.
Centrally acting antiadrenergic agents make the heart beat slower and with less force, and relax the blood vessels. All these actions lead to a decrease blood pressure.
Centrally acting antiadrenergic agents are used to treat hypertension.
See also
Medical conditions associated with antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting:
- ADHD
- Alcohol Withdrawal
- Anxiety
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Benzodiazepine Withdrawal
- Bipolar Disorder
- High Blood Pressure
- Hyperhidrosis
- Hypertensive Emergency
- Insomnia, Stimulant-Associated
- Migraine Prevention
- Opiate Withdrawal
- Pain
- Perimenopausal Symptoms
- Persisting Pain, Shingles
- Pheochromocytoma Diagnosis
- Postanesthetic Shivering
- Restless Legs Syndrome
- Smoking Cessation
- Tardive Dyskinesia
- Tourette's Syndrome
- Ulcerative Colitis
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
There are several approaches to the treatment of diarrhea and therefore different types of antidiarrheal agents.
Oral rehydration agents are first line use as antidiarrheal agents. Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance is very important.
Antibacterial agents can be used to treat diarrhea with confirmed bacterial cause, such as campylobacter. Otherwise antibacterial agents are not necessary in most cases of diarrhea.
Other agents used to treat diarrhea are antimotility agents or antispasmodic agents.
See also
Medical conditions associated with antidiarrheals:
- Clostridial Infection
- Diarrhea
- Diarrhea, Acute
- Diarrhea, Chronic
- Gas
- Helicobacter Pylori Infection
- Indigestion
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- Lymphocytic Colitis
- Oral Thrush
- Traveler's Diarrhea
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Vaginal Yeast Infection
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Analgesic combination products contain either one or more types of analgesics with other medicines. The different analgesics generally have different modes of action and work simultaneously to reduce pain.
See also
Medical conditions associated with analgesic combinations:
- Anxiety
- Back Pain
- Cold Symptoms
- Fever
- Hangover
- Headache
- Influenza
- Insomnia
- Migraine
- Muscle Pain
- Osteoarthritis
- Pain
- Pain/Fever
- Period Pain
- Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
- Premenstrual Syndrome
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Sinusitis
Anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics are drugs that work on the central nervous system to treat anxiety and insomnia. The main classes of drugs are benzodiazepines and barbiturates.
See also
- barbiturates
- benzodiazepines
- miscellaneous anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics