Drugs Index
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Drugs Information:
Drugs List
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Chemokine receptor antagonists inhibit the entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into the host cell. Two chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CCR5, are necessary for the virus to enter the cell, so by inhibiting these chemokine receptors the disease can be slowed.
See also
Medical conditions associated with chemokine receptor antagonist:
- HIV Infection
Central nervous system agents are drugs that affect the central nervous system i.e. the brain and the spinal cord, and produce a response that could be used to alleviate or treat a particular medical condition.
Central nervous system agents can be used as analgesics, anesthetics, anti-emetics, anti-convulsants, and have many more therapeutic uses.
See also
- analgesics
- analgesic combinations
- antimigraine agents
- cox-2 inhibitors
- miscellaneous analgesics
- narcotic analgesic combinations
- narcotic analgesics
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
- salicylates
- anorexiants
- anticonvulsants
- barbiturate anticonvulsants
- benzodiazepine anticonvulsants
- carbamate anticonvulsants
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants
- dibenzazepine anticonvulsants
- fatty acid derivative anticonvulsants
- gamma-aminobutyric acid analogs
- gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake inhibitors
- gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase inhibitors
- hydantoin anticonvulsants
- miscellaneous anticonvulsants
- neuronal potassium channel openers
- oxazolidinedione anticonvulsants
- pyrrolidine anticonvulsants
- succinimide anticonvulsants
- triazine anticonvulsants
- urea anticonvulsants
- antiemetic/antivertigo agents
- 5HT3 receptor antagonists
- anticholinergic antiemetics
- miscellaneous antiemetics
- ph
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Chloride channel activator agent is a locally acting agent that activates chloride channels in the intestine and increases secretion of intestinal fluid that helps in passing of the stool. It is used to treat chronic constipation especially in patients who have little or no benefit from stool softeners or laxatives.
See also
Medical conditions associated with chloride channel activators:
- Constipation, Chronic
- Constipation, Drug Induced
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Monoclonal antibodies used in immunotherapy are produced artificially from a cell clone therefore consist of a single type of immunoglobulin. They are targeted towards specific antigens and bind to the antigens to form a complex. The complex can be recognized and destroyed by phagocytes or used for other diagnostic purposes.
Natural antibodies are proteins made by the B-lymphocytes in response to antigens. Each B-cell makes only one type of antibody. For therapeutic purposes a significant amount of a particular antibody is needed. These are obtained from a culture that gives a one type of antibody, which are called monoclonal antibodies.
CD20 monoclonal antibodies are targeted against B-cell antigens, and are used in the treatment of B-cell Non-Hodgkin
See also
Medical conditions associated with CD20 monoclonal antibodies:
- Bullous Pemphigoid
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- Diagnosis and Investigation
- Evan's Syndrome
- Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
- Follicular Lymphoma
- Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
- Microscopic polyangiitis
- Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
- Pemphigoid
- Pemphigus
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Wegener's Granulomatosus
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
See also
Medical conditions associated with calcineurin inhibitors:
- Cogan's Syndrome
- Crohn's Disease
- Evan's Syndrome
- Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
- Graft-versus-host disease
- Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Organ Transplant, Rejection Prophylaxis
- Organ Transplant, Rejection Reversal
- Pemphigoid
- Pemphigus
- Psoriasis
- Psoriatic Arthritis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Ulcerative Colitis
- Ulcerative Colitis, Active
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Warfarin, the only drug listed here in this category, is a coumarin. It is an oral anticoagulant that inhibits Vitamin K epoxide reductase, an enzyme that that recycles oxidized vitamin K. Vitamin K is an activator of coagulating factors II, VII, IX and X, so by decreasing the availability of Vitamin K synthesis of these factors are decreased.
Warfarin is an extremely effective anticoagulant but there are a few drawbacks. It can interact with certain foods and can it cause serious interactions with many commonly used medicines. Regular blood monitoring (international normalized ratio-INR) is done to check for effectiveness and safety.
Warfarin is used to treat blood clots in cases of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. It is also used to prevent thrombosis in patients at high risk, such as in atrial fibrillation, heart attack and knee or hip surgeries.
See also
Medical conditions associated with coumarins and indandiones:
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome
- Chronic Central Venous Catheterization
- Deep Vein Thrombosis Prophylaxis after Hip Replacement Surgery
- Deep Vein Thrombosis Prophylaxis after Knee Replacement Surgery
- Deep Vein Thrombosis, First Event
- Deep Vein Thrombosis, Recurrent Event
- Heart Attack
- Heart Failure
- Prevention of Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation
- Prosthetic Heart Valves
- Prosthetic Heart Valves, Mechanical Valves
- Prosthetic Heart Valves, Tissue Valves
- Protein S Deficiency
- Pulmonary Embolism, First Event
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Monoclonal antibodies used in immunotherapy are produced artificially from a cell clone therefore consist of a single type of immunoglobulin. They are targeted towards specific antigens and bind to the antigens to form a complex. The complex can be recognized and destroyed by phagocytes or used for other diagnostic purposes.
Natural antibodies are proteins made by the B-lymphocytes in response to antigens. Each B-cell makes only one type of antibody. For therapeutic purposes a significant amount of a particular antibody is needed. These are obtained from a culture that gives a one type of antibody, which are called monoclonal antibodies.
CD52 antigens are present on lymphocytes. CD52 monoclonal antibodies bind to CD52 antigens and bring about complement and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. CD52 monoclonal antibodies are used to treat patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL).
See also
Medical conditions associated with CD52 monoclonal antibodies:
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants are agents that increase physical activity, mental alertness and attention span. The exact mechanism of action of these agents or receptors they may affect, is not known.
Central nervous system stimulants are used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
See also
Medical conditions associated with CNS stimulants:
- ADHD
- Apnea of Prematurity
- Asperger Syndrome
- Auditory Processing Disorder
- Bipolar Disorder
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
- Depression
- Fatigue
- Fibromyalgia
- Hypersomnia
- Jet Lag
- Narcolepsy
- Obesity
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder
- Respiratory Failure
- Severe Mood Dysregulation
- Sexual Dysfunction, SSRI Induced
- Shift Work Sleep Disorder
- Social Anxiety Disorder
- Weight Loss
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Contraceptives are used to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Hormonal contraceptives consist of one or more synthetic female sex hormones (estrogen and progestin or progestin only). These sex hormones prevent pregnancy by blocking the normal process of ovulation. They may also alter the lining of the uterus (endometrium) so that it is unable to support a fertilized egg and they change the mucus in the cervix so that it is hard for the sperm to travel hence conception is less likely should ovulation occur.
These hormones are either taken as regular doses in pill form (oral contraceptives), or are administered through the skin by means of a patch impregnated with hormones. They can also be given by three monthly injections of a long acting progestin, or by subcutaneous implants of progestin. They are also available as hormonal intrauterine devices and vaginal rings.
See also
Medical conditions associated with contraceptives:
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
- Acne
- Amenorrhea
- Birth Control
- Emergency Contraception
- Endometrial Cancer
- Endometrial Hyperplasia, Prophylaxis
- Endometriosis
- Gonadotropin Inhibition
- Menstrual Disorders
- Ovarian Cysts
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- Postmenopausal Symptoms
- Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
- Premenstrual Syndrome
- Prevention of Osteoporosis
- Renal Cell Carcinoma
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Catecholamines include adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine. They are physiologically important neurotransmitters, as part of the sympathetic and central nervous systems. Catecholamines act on both the alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. Catecholamines are released in times of stress. They make your heart beat faster with greater force and narrow the blood vessels, causing a rise in blood pressure.
The beta1 effects of catecholamine on the heart are due to an increase in intracellular concentration of cyclic-AMP. Cyclic-AMP activates protein kinase A, which phosphorylates sites on calcium channels, including alpha1-subunits.
This increases the probability that the channels will open, increasing inward calcium ion current and therefore the force of cardiac contraction. It also increases the calcium ion capture by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, increasing the amount of calcium stored intracellularly available for release by action potential. So the net result of catecholamine action is to elevate and steepen the ventricular function curve. The increase in heart rate results in an increased slope of pacemaker potential owing to a shift in the voltage-dependence of the conductance
See also
Medical conditions associated with catecholamines:
- Adams-Stokes Syndrome
- Allergic Reactions
- Asthma, acute
- Asystole
- AV Heart Block
- Bronchospasm During Anesthesia
- Cardiac Arrhythmia
- COPD, Acute
- Electromechanical Dissociation
- Heart Failure
- Hypotension
- Nonobstructive Oliguria
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Carbamate anticonvulsant agents are newer antiepileptic drugs whose exact mechanism of action is uncertain. It has some inhibitory effect at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and slightly potentiates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity. It has a broad spectrum of activity but is only used in patients who are unresponsive to other anticonvulsant drugs, as it can cause severe reactions such as aplastic anemia, hepatitis and liver failure.
See also
Medical conditions associated with carbamate anticonvulsants:
- Epilepsy
- Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Calcitonin (thyrocalcitonin) is a hormone produced by C cells in the thyroid gland. The main action of calcitonin is on the bone. It increases deposition of calcium and phosphate in the bone and lowers levels in the blood, so effectively it inhibits calcium resorption by binding to a specific receptor on the osteoclasts, and inhibits their action. In the kidneys, it decreases the re-absorption of both calcium and phosphate on the proximal tubules. Its overall effect is to decrease the plasma calcium concentration. Secretion is determined mainly by the plasma calcium concentration. Calcitonin is used to treat hypercalcemia and Paget
See also
Medical conditions associated with calcitonin:
- Hypercalcemia
- Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- Osteoporosis
- Paget's Disease
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Cholinergic agonists mimic the actions of acetylcholine.
Cholinergic transmission involves the neurotransmitter acetylcholine being released from nerve fibers, binding to designated receptors on other cholinergic nerve fibers and passing on the message to bring about a response. Stimulation of the cholinergic system (also known as the parasympathetic nervous system) causes vasodilatation, constriction of pupils in the eyes, secretion of sweat, saliva and tears, slow heart rate, mucus secretion in the respiratory tract and constriction of bronchioles.
The medicines listed in this category are used to increase salivation in patients who suffer from conditions of dry mouth.
See also
Medical conditions associated with cholinergic agonists:
- Sjogren's Syndrome
- Xerostomia
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Generally carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used to treat epilepsy, glaucoma, mountain sickness, and is used as a diuretic.
See also
Medical conditions associated with carbonic anhydrase inhibitor anticonvulsants:
- Benign Essential Tremor
- Bipolar Disorder
- Bulimia
- Crohn's Disease
- Diabetic Nerve Damage
- Edema
- Epilepsy
- Fibromyalgia
- Glaucoma
- Hydrocephalus
- Migraine Prevention
- Mountain Sickness / Altitude Sickness
- Obesity
- Parkinsonian Tremor
- Pseudotumor Cerebri
- Seizure Prevention
- Seizures
- Smoking Cessation
- Tourette's Syndrome
- Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Vulvodynia
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Calcium channel blockers block voltage gated calcium channels and inhibits the influx of calcium ions into cardiac and smooth muscle cells. The decrease in intracellular calcium reduces the strength of heart muscle contraction, reduces conduction of impulses in the heart, and causes vasodilatation.
Decrease in intracellular calcium in the heart decreases cardiac contractility. Decreased calcium in the vascular smooth muscle reduces its contraction and therefore causes vasodilatation.
Decrease in cardiac contractility decreases cardiac output and vasodilatation decreases total peripheral resistance, both of which cause a drop in blood pressure.
Calcium channel blocking agents are used to treat hypertension.
See also
Medical conditions associated with calcium channel blocking agents:
- Angina
- Angina Pectoris Prophylaxis
- Arrhythmia
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Atrial Flutter
- Bipolar Disorder
- Cluster Headaches
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Heart Failure
- High Blood Pressure
- Hypertensive Emergency
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis
- Ischemic Stroke
- Migraine Prevention
- Nocturnal Leg Cramps
- Premature Labor
- Raynaud's Syndrome
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Supraventricular Tachycardia
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics. They have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, being active against many aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
Carbapenems inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to the penicillin binding proteins and interfering with cell wall formation. They are extremely resistant to beta-lactamase enzymes, making them very useful in treating bacterial infections where beta-lactamase is produced that makes other beta-lactam antibiotics ineffective.
See also
Medical conditions associated with carbapenems:
- Aspiration Pneumonia
- Bacteremia
- Bacterial Infection
- Bone infection
- Bronchitis
- Deep Neck Infection
- Endocarditis
- Endometritis
- Febrile Neutropenia
- Infection Prophylaxis
- Intraabdominal Infection
- Joint Infection
- Kidney Infections
- Meningitis
- Nosocomial Pneumonia
- Pelvic Infections
- Peritonitis
- Pneumonia
- Pneumonia with Cystic Fibrosis
- Septicemia
- Skin and Structure Infection
- Skin Infection
- Urinary Tract Infection
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
See also
Medical conditions associated with cardiac stressing agents:
- Diagnosis and Investigation
- Heart Failure
- Prosthetic Heart Valves
- Radionuclide Myocardial Perfusion Study
- Shock
- Supraventricular Tachycardia
- Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Coagulation modifiers are drugs that act on the blood coagulation pathway in different places to prevent or promote blood clot formation.
Coagulation modifiers that prevent blood clot formation are anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs and thrombolytic drugs. Those that promote clot formation are fibrinolytics. Heparin antagonists and platelet-stimulating agents are used to reduce the risk of bleeding.
See also
- anticoagulants
- coumarins and indandiones
- factor Xa inhibitors
- heparins
- thrombin inhibitors
- antiplatelet agents
- glycoprotein platelet inhibitors
- platelet aggregation inhibitors
- heparin antagonists
- miscellaneous coagulation modifiers
- platelet-stimulating agents
- thrombolytics
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Cerumenolytics are agents that soften hardened cerumen (earwax) and make it easier for it to be removed from the ear. They are softening agents, which include types of oil, emulsifying agents, glycerin and other lubricating substances. Cerumenolytics are placed into the ears to soften earwax and ease discomfort.
See also
Medical conditions associated with cerumenolytics:
- Ear Wax Impaction
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Monoclonal antibodies used in immunotherapy are produced artificially from a cell clone therefore consist of a single type of immunoglobulin. They are targeted towards specific antigens and bind to the antigens to form a complex. These complexes can be recognized and destroyed by phagocytes or used for other diagnostic purposes.
Natural antibodies are proteins made by the B-lymphocytes in response to antigens. Each B-cell makes only one type of antibody. For therapeutic purposes a significant amount of a particular antibody is needed. These are obtained from a culture that gives a one type of antibody, which are called monoclonal antibodies.
CD33 is an antigen present on granulocyte and macrophage precursors in the bone marrow. It differentiates myelogenous leukemia cells from lymphoid or erythroid leukemias.
CD33 monoclonal antibodies are administered with other chemotherapy agents, such as cytosine arabinoside and idarubicin, to enhance the cytotoxic effects on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells.
See also
Medical conditions associated with CD33 monoclonal antibodies:
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia