Drugs Index
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Drugs Information:
Drugs List
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Natural Penicillins were the first antibiotics used in clinical practice. They are based on the original penicillin- G structure. They inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis and are generally bactericidal.
Natural penicillins are effective against gram positive bacteria such as staphylococci, streptococci and gram negative bacteria such as meningococci, Treponema, Borrelia and Leptospira.
See also
Medical conditions associated with natural penicillins:
- Actinomycosis
- Anthrax
- Anthrax Prophylaxis
- Aspiration Pneumonia
- Bacterial Infection
- Clostridial Infection
- Congenital Syphilis
- Cutaneous Bacillus anthracis
- Deep Neck Infection
- Diphtheria
- Endocarditis
- Fusospirochetosis, Trench Mouth
- Joint Infection
- Leptospirosis
- Lyme Disease, Arthritis
- Lyme Disease, Carditis
- Lyme Disease, Erythema Chronicum Migrans
- Lyme Disease, Neurologic
- Meningitis
- Meningitis, Meningococcal
- Meningitis, Pneumococcal
- Neurosyphilis
- Otitis Media
- Pneumonia
- Prevention of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease
- Rat-bite Fever
- Rheumatic Fever Prophylaxis
- Skin Infection
- Strep Throat
- Streptococcal Infection
- Syphilis, Early
Nitrates relieve angina by relaxing vascular smooth muscle and causing vasodilatation.
Nitrates release nitric oxide, which activates a soluble cytosolic form of guanylate cyclase. cGMP formation is increased, leading to venorelaxation with a consequent reduction in central venous pressure (reduced pre-load). With larger doses arterioles dilate and arterial pressure drops. As both arterial pressure and cardiac output are decreased, myocardial oxygen consumption is reduced.
Coronary flow is increased via coronary vasodilatation.
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Nutraceutical product is a food or fortified food product that not only supplements the diet but also assists in treating or preventing disease (apart from anemia), so provides medical benefits.
Nutraceuticals are not tested and regulated to the extent of pharmaceutical drugs. The word nutraceutical is combined from the words nutrition and pharmaceutical.
See also
Medical conditions associated with nutraceutical products:
- ADHD
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- Anemia, Sickle Cell
- Anxiety
- Aphthous Ulcer
- Carnitine Deficiency
- Depression
- Dietary Supplementation
- Fibromyalgia
- Herbal Supplementation
- Herpes Simplex
- Herpes Simplex, Suppression
- High Cholesterol
- Huntington's Disease
- Hypertriglyceridemia
- Insomnia
- Jet Lag
- Muscle Pain
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- Osteoarthritis
- Parkinson's Disease
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Short Bowel Syndrome
- Smoking Cessation
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
See also
Medical conditions associated with nicotinic acid derivatives:
- Mycobacterium kansasii
- Tuberculosis, Active
- Tuberculosis, Latent
- Tuberculosis, Prophylaxis
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Neuromuscular blocking agents bind to acetylcholine receptors postsynaptically and inhibit the action of acetylcholine. This blocks neuromuscular transmission and causes paralysis of the muscle.
Neuromuscular blocking agents are used as an adjunct to anesthesia, only when artificial ventilation is available, to produce muscle relaxation in order to prevent movement of muscle during surgery.
See also
Medical conditions associated with neuromuscular blocking agents:
- Anesthesia
- Light Anesthesia
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Cephalosporins are a group of broad spectrum, semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotics derived from the mould Cephalosporium. They are divided into three groups: Cephalosporin N and C are chemically related to penicillins and Cephalosporin P a steroid antibiotic resembles fusidic acid.
The mechanism of action of cephalosporins is the same as penicillins. They interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporins have been produced by the addition of different side chains, to the Cephalosporin C nucleus.
They are classified according to the chronological order in which they were produced.
Next generation cephalosporins will be the next lot of cephalosporins made, after the fourth generation cephalosporins.
See also
Medical conditions associated with next generation cephalosporins:
- Pneumonia
- Skin and Structure Infection
Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors block the reuptake of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine, increasing the levels of these neurotransmitters in the synapses. Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors are used to treat depression, seasonal affective disorder and other mood disorders.
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are drugs that block the norepinephrine transporter and inhibit the reuptake of neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline). This causes increased levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine in the synapses, and leads to increased adrenergic transmission.
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors may be used to treat conditions such as narcolepsy, fatigue, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood disorders and so on.
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Nasal corticosteroids are very effective in controlling allergic inflammation in the nose. Corticosteroids work on multiple cell types and mediators for example, mast cells, macrophages, leukotrienes and so on, to control inflammation. Nasal steroid sprays are usually first line treatment for nasal symptoms of hay fever or allergic rhinitis.
See also
Medical conditions associated with nasal steroids:
- Hay Fever
- Nasal Polyps
- Nasal Polyps, Prevention
- Rhinitis
Nutritional products include products, which either supplement the nutrition or provide part or all of the daily nutritional requirements. They include intravenous or oral nutrition that can provide all the nutrition. Nutritional products also include supplements for example, iron and other vitamins, minerals and electrolytes.
See also
- intravenous nutritional products
- iron products
- minerals and electrolytes
- oral nutritional supplements
- vitamin and mineral combinations
- vitamins
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Narcotic analgesic combinations are products containing a narcotic analgesic with another class of analgesic, such as acetaminophen or aspirin. They are used to treat moderate to severe pain.
See also
Medical conditions associated with narcotic analgesic combinations:
- Back Pain
- Cough
- Headache
- Opiate Dependence
- Osteoarthritis
- Overactive Bladder
- Pain
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Biguanides are classed as non-sulfonylureas. Metformin is the only available biguanide for diabetes treatment. It inhibits the amount of glucose produced by the liver, increases the insulin-receptor binding and stimulates tissue uptake of glucose. Metformin does not stimulate the pancreas to make or release more insulin so doesn't cause hypoglycemia.
Metformin is used to treat Type 2 diabetes.
See also
Medical conditions associated with non-sulfonylureas:
- Diabetes, Type 2
- Female Infertility
- Insulin Resistance Syndrome
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Nasal lubricants and irrigations are saline solutions or gel form. These products are used to treat irritated or dry nasal passages that may be caused by hay fever, cold and other conditions. They are also used after nasal surgery to clean out the inner part of the nostrils.
See also
Medical conditions associated with nasal lubricants and irrigations:
- Nasal Congestion
Nasal preparations are products applied in the nose to treat conditions of the nose or nasal symptoms. They include medicines such as nasal steroids, lubricants, antihistamines and decongestants and anti-infectives, used to treat hay fever symptoms, congestion and infections. Nasal preparations are available as sprays, drops, creams, ointments and solutions for irrigation.
See also
- nasal anti-infectives
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Neuraminidase inhibitors are drugs that block the function of the viral neuraminidase protein. By blocking this protein enzyme it stops the release of viruses from the infected host cell and prevents new host cells from being infected. These antiviral agents inhibit all subtypes of neuraminidase enzymes, therefore are effective against influenza viruses A and B.
See also
Medical conditions associated with neuraminidase inhibitors:
- Avian Influenza
- Influenza
- Influenza Prophylaxis
- Swine Flu
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Nasal antihistamines and decongestants are agents, which when delivered into the nostril help relieve symptoms of hay fever and congestion.
Nasal antihistamines block the action of histamine, which is released on exposure to allergens. They are used to relieve hay fever symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose and other nasal symptoms.
Nasal decongestants cause vasoconstriction in the nasal passages and relieve nasal congestion. Nasal congestion is caused by dilated blood vessels.
See also
Medical conditions associated with nasal antihistamines and decongestants:
- Hay Fever
- Nasal Congestion
- Rhinorrhea
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI
See also
Medical conditions associated with NNRTIs:
- HIV Infection
- Nonoccupational Exposure
- Occupational Exposure
- Reduction of Perinatal Transmission of HIV
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are active inhibitors of reverse transcriptase found in retroviruses such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The different nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors may be activated differently but they have the same mechanism of action. NRTIs are activated generally by phosphorylation to the triphosphate form by cellular enzymes. It then competes with cellular triphosphates, which are substrates for proviral DNA by viral reverse transcriptase. NRTI
See also
Medical conditions associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs):
- Hepatitis B
- HIV Infection
- Nonoccupational Exposure
- Occupational Exposure
- Reduction of Perinatal Transmission of HIV
A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.
See also
Medical conditions associated with non-iodinated contrast media:
- Computed Tomography